Spelling rules for adding ed to form the past participle
Some regular verbs change their spelling when the ending ed is added to form the past participle.
a. Verbs ending in a silent e
When a regular verb ends in a silent e, only the letter d must be added in order to form the past participle. For example:
Infinitive Past Participle
to close closed
to move moved
to please pleased
to receive received
b. Verbs ending in y
When a regular verb ends in y immediately preceded by a consonant, the y is changed to i before the ending ed is added. For example:
Infinitive Past Participle
to study studied
to rely relied
to carry carried
However, when a regular verb ends in y immediately preceded by a vowel, the y is not changed before the ending ed is added. For example:
Infinitive Past Participle
to play played
to convey conveyed
to enjoy enjoyed
See Exercise 3.
c. Verbs ending in a single consonant preceded by a single vowel
The rules concerning the doubling of final consonants which apply when adding the ending ing to form the present participle also apply when adding the ending ed to form the past participle.
Thus, when a one-syllable verb ends in a single consonant other than w, x or y immediately preceded by a single vowel, the final consonant must be doubled before the ending ed is added to form the past participle. In the following examples, the consonants which have been doubled are underlined. For example:
Infinitive Past Participle
to rub rubbed
to trim trimmed
to plan planned
to stop stopped
When a verb of more than one syllable ends in a single consonant other than w, x or y immediately preceded by a single vowel, the final consonant is doubled before the ending ed only when the last syllable of the verb is pronounced with the heaviest stress. In the following examples, the syllables pronounced with the heaviest stress are underlined. For example:
Infinitive Past Participle
to control controlled
to infer inferred
to occur occurred
to permit permitted
to fasten fastened
to order ordered
to focus focused
to limit limited
In the first four examples, the last syllable of the verb is pronounced with the heaviest stress, and the final consonant is doubled before ed is added. In the last four examples, the first syllable of the verb is pronounced with the heaviest stress, and the final consonant is not doubled before ed is added.
The final consonants w, x and y are never doubled when the ending ed is added. For example:
Infinitive Past Participle
to follow followed
to box boxed
to portray portrayed
It should also be noted that final consonants immediately preceded by two vowels are not doubled when the ending ed is added. For example:
Infinitive Past Participle
to greet greeted
to rain rained
to soak soaked
to treat treated
Utilizado como final del pasado simple y participio pasado en los verbos regulares, hay tres formas de pronunciarlo, dependiendo del sonido final (sordo o sonoro) del verbo. Trata de recordar esta regla práctica:
| 1. Se pronuncia -ID en los verbos que terminan con las consonantes t y d: |
| calculate calculated /kalkiuléitid/ (calcular) arrest arrested /arréstiid/ (arrestar) pat patted /pátid/ (dar una palmada) roast roasted /róustid/ (asar) succeed succeeded /saksídid/ (tener éxito) mind minded /máindid/ (importarle a uno) |
| 2. Se pronuncia -T después de las consonantes mudas f, k, p, s, sh, ch, o th [suave]: |
| laugh laughed /la:ft/ (reir/se) pick picked /pikt/ (levantar) sip sipped /sipt/ (sorber, saborear) mess messed /mest/ (desordenar) fish fished /fisht/ (pescar) match matched /macht/ (emparejar) |
4. Ten presente que lo importante en este aspecto de la gramática es el SONIDO CON EL CUAL FINALIZA EL VERBO, no la letra o su pronunciación. Por ejemplo, el verbo fax finaliza con la letra x pero con el sonido /s/; por su parte, el verbo like termina con la letra e pero con el sonido /k/. Verbos regulares agrupados por terminaciones
CURSO SHERTON Inglés en 52 semanasPROFESORES DE INGLES Busca uno en tu ciudadLista de verbos regulares - Letra A |
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